由于鋼板彈簧存在著接觸非線性和幾何非線性等多種非線性因素，因而增加了其模型建立和性能分析的難度。本文從非線性接觸動力學(xué)理論和CAD/CAE技術(shù)出發(fā)，提出了一種可以在一定程度上解決這類問題的方法。
      首先根據(jù)非線性接觸動力學(xué)理論，分析了鋼板彈簧片間接觸和摩擦情況，提出了基于片間接觸分析的鋼板彈簧建模方法，將有限元法和多體動力學(xué)法相結(jié)合，并引入小種群遺傳算法對鋼板彈簧片間接觸和摩擦參數(shù)進(jìn)行反求，并建立了某重型卡車的鋼板彈簧多體動力學(xué)模型。
    然后對建立的鋼板彈簧模型進(jìn)行剛度特性仿真分析，并根據(jù)汽車鋼板彈簧臺架試驗方法中的要求，對某重型卡車平衡懸架的鋼板彈簧進(jìn)行了剛度特性試驗，確定其剛度值，將試驗結(jié)果與動力學(xué)仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比分析，結(jié)果顯示，在加載過程中試驗曲線與仿真曲線基本吻合，且仿真結(jié)果與試驗結(jié)果的相對誤差僅為0.79%，證明了該鋼板彈簧動力學(xué)模型的正確性。將本文模型與離散梁單元的鋼板彈簧模型進(jìn)行了對比，結(jié)果顯示本文模型具有更高的精度。
    最后，將所建立的鋼板彈簧動力學(xué)模型應(yīng)用于簡化的某重型卡車整車模型，建立簡化的某重型卡車的多體動力學(xué)剛?cè)岬満夏Ｐ汀υ撜嚩囿w動力學(xué)剛?cè)岬満夏Ｐ瓦M(jìn)行脈沖平順性和靜側(cè)翻穩(wěn)定性仿真分析，并進(jìn)行整車脈沖平順性和靜側(cè)翻穩(wěn)定性試驗，以獲取實(shí)際工況的試驗數(shù)據(jù)和曲線。實(shí)車試驗結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果對比可知仿真曲線與試驗曲線的基本吻合，且脈沖平順性分析的相對誤差最大為9.97%，靜側(cè)翻穩(wěn)定性分析的相對誤差最大為4.75%。

      The non-linear factors, such as contact nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity,existing in leaf springs multiply difficulties in its model establish and performance analysis.  Based  on  nonlinearity contact  dynamics  theories  and  CAD/CAE technologies, this paper proposes a method for this kind of problem.
    Firstly, according to the nonlinearity contact dynamics theory, this paper analyzed the contact and friction between spring-leaves and proposed a modeling method based on the contact analysis between spring- leaves. Combined the finitee lement method with the multi-body dynamics, the contact andfrictionparameters were  obtained  by  introducing  the  small-population  genetic  algorithm.  Then established a leaf spring's multi-body dynamics model for a heavy truck.
    Secondly, the stiffness characteristic simulation analysis was implemented to theleaf spring. According to the conditions in staging testing for vehicle's leaf spring,the stiffness value was obtained after a stiffness characteristic test for a heavy truck'sbalanced suspension. The feasibility and the credibility of this model are proved, bycomparing the testing results and the simulation results of the case, which showed that the testing curve accords with simulation curve basically and its relatively erroris 0.79%. When compared to discrete beam element model, the model presented in this paper proved to have a better accuracy.
    Thirdly, a simplified rigid-flexible multi-body dynamics model for a heavy truck was set up, in which the leaf springs were modeled by flexible bodies. The model's ride performance under pulse input and static roll stability were simulated. Then the same items were tested in a road testing for the data and curves in real working condition. Comparison between simulation results and testing results indicated that the results were valid, because the testing curve accorded with simulation curve basically. Besides, the maximum relatively error in ride performance under pulse
input analysis was 9.79% and the maximum relatively error in static roll stability analysis was 4.75%. Therefore, it is proved that the modeling method presented in this paper is accurate and effective.

 

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